California Indians have survived some of the most extreme acts of genocide committed against Native Americans. Prior the ongoing genocide under Spanish and American colonizations, California Indians were the most linguistically diverse and population dense First Peoples in the United States. In this historic panel, four California Indian leaders share the stories of kidnappings, mass murders, and slavery that took place under Spanish, Mexican and American colonizations — and how today’s generation is dealing with the contemporary implications.

This presentation took place in the Indigeneity Forum at the 2017 National Bioneers Conference.

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